Curiosity Question

How much energy does it take to make a new vs. a recycled aluminum can?

Answer

Estimate for one aluminum beverage can (ChatGPT)

  • A typical 12-oz (≈ 355 mL) aluminum can weighs about 14–15 grams.
  • Producing 1 kg of aluminum from ore requires roughly 15 kWh of electrical energy.
  • Therefore, producing 0.014 kg (14 g) of aluminum requires about:
    • 15 kWh × (0.014 kg / 1 kg) = 0.21 kWh (~ 720 kJ)
  • Making one can from virgin ore: ≈ 0.2 kWh of energy.
  • Recycling that same can uses about 5 % of the energy:
    • 5 % of 0.2 kWh = 0.01 kWh (~ 36 kJ)
  • So recycling one can requires roughly 0.01 kWh in ideal conditions.

“Aluminium recycling saves 95% of the energy needed for primary aluminium production - International Aluminium Institute”

This year Apple switched back to aluminum for the iPhone 17 after a short stint using titanium for it’s phones. So how does aluminum recycling compare to titanium recycling?

For titanium, the recycling rate and energy savings are much more modest, due to challenges such as contamination, alloying, oxidation, and difficulty in remelting or reprocessing titanium scrap to high-purity structural grade.

Chris Williamson shares his story of struggling with a severe medical condition for the past year. Thank you Chris.

Chris Williamson - I’ve been struggling this past year.

The older I get, the more I realize the health issues can easily absorb all your thinking and focus. In many ways it’s because you are helpless and can’t fix the problem immediately or at all.

Curiosity Question

Is there a year 0 AD? Does time go from 1 BC to 1 AD or is there a year 0 somewhere?

Answer

There is no year 0. It goes from 1 BC to 1 AD.

Why no year 0?
- The BC/AD system was devised in the 6th century by a monk named Dionysius Exiguus.
- He based it on what he thought was the year of Jesus’ birth.
- At the time, the concept of “zero” as a number wasn’t in use in Europe, so he didn’t include a year 0.

So who was Dionysis Exiguus and why was he the one to create a new date system?

Exiguus, an Eastern Roman monk, created the system in 525 AD though it was not widely used until the 9th century. The system was created in order to calculate Easter.

The year 1 AD was believed to have been the year of Jesus’s conception. “Evidence exists that Dionysius' desire to replace Diocletian years with a calendar based on the incarnation of Christ was to prevent people from believing the imminent end of the world. At the time, some believed that the Second Coming and end of the world would occur 500 years after the birth of Jesus.”

Here’s a short YouTube video that covers Exiguus’s creation of the revised date system.

Being curious about being curious

Some of the most impactful people and leaders that I have met have been curious. They have asked excellent questions which cut right to the heart of the problem or idea. Some people I’ve noticed are just naturally curious about so many things. Things that I would find absolutely mundane.

So that got me thinking. How do I become genuinely more curious?

So I asked ChatGPT:

I’m curious about how to become more curious about the world. Where do I get started?

ChatGPT gave me a six point which was helpful from an academic point of view but not very applicable. Then, at the bottom it listed this:

Here’s a simple daily practice to spark curiosity:
1.	Write down one question you don’t know the answer to.
2.	Spend 10 minutes exploring it.
3.	Share what you found with someone else.

The sharing part matters — curiosity multiplies when it’s social.

That’s an excellent idea… now where do I get started?

Watch Jason Cyr’s video “Obsidian + Cursor AI: Organize 2,000+ Notes in 10 Minutes” on how to apply Claude Code to automate your weekly review.

How to Bypass Apple News+ Homepage and Go Straight to What You Want

Recently I’ve been trying to free myself of the algorithmic news feeds and get back to the old school web using RSS readers and direct news sources.

I’ve made progress getting there, but one area that I continue to struggle with is reading publishers in the Apple News+ app like The Wall Street Journal and Outside Magazine without getting sucked into the algorithm on the homepage.

I wanted a way to go directly to each content section bypassing the main feed. With a little research, I managed to find a way using shortcuts to create a direct link to those sections bypassing the general news feed. Here’s how to do this yourself.

Building the Shortcut

The following creates a simple shortcut that when run opens a popup menu providing options for each of the publishers added to the list. Once clicked it will launch the appropriate source: Apple News, Safari, or iOS app taking you directly to the source.

Here’s what it looks like.

Shortcut for creating the reading picker.

Here are the steps to get this done:

  1. Open up Shortcuts and create a new Shortcut
  2. From the Action Library on the right select “Choose from menu” and drag it onto the canvas.
  3. Add options each of your sources.
  4. Under each source search and include an option for “Open URLs” and paste in the link from Apple Notes shown above or any other URL you want. In this example, I’m opening two Apple News sections plus The Verge’s website.

Here is how you can find the direct link to a section in Apple News. This is from the left navigation in the MacOS news reader. Choose the Copy Link option and paste it into the URL field in the step 4 above.

Screenshot for Copy Link in Apple News

To run the shortcut you can:

  • Run the shortcut directly from the Shortcuts app
  • Add the shortcut to the home screen on your iOS device by editing the shortcut, clicking on the down arrow on the shortcut’s name and selecting “Add to Home Screen”
  • On MacOS you can also select the “Pin In Menu Bar” option to make it quickly selectable from the address bar.

Well, that didn’t take too long. In my previous post, I’m Grateful For Stage 1, I wrote about enjoying the pre-enshitiffcation phase of large language models and being grateful of this period in the technology.

Manton Reece from micro.blog posted about the future of ads within ChatGPT. I really hope they do not make them obtrusive. Using Amazon has become frustrating with paid placement ads.

I completely understand the need to generate revenue to drive innovation and recoup investment/sunk costs of developing any product. I just hope that user experience doesn’t lose out to revenue generation.

I’m Grateful for Stage 1

In 2018 I started a journey to incorporate gratitude into my daily life. To see the small positives around me. To focus less on the negatives that felt like an albatross hanging around my neck when it was just a small inconvenience of life.

This got me thinking the other day, I feel like we are living in the “Good Old Days” of AI. The early days before “Enshittification” as defined by Cory Doctorow in his book Chokepoint Capitalism.

Enshittification as defined by Claude.ai

Stage 1 - User Acquisition: Platforms start by being generous to users, offering excellent service, useful features, and good user experience to build a large user base. They operate at a loss or minimal profit to grow quickly.

Stage 2 - Business Customer Focus: Once they’ve locked in users, platforms shift focus to extracting value from business customers (advertisers, sellers, content creators). The user experience begins to degrade as the platform prioritizes revenue from these business relationships over user satisfaction.

Stage 3 - Self-Extraction: Finally, platforms extract maximum value for themselves and their shareholders, squeezing both users and business customers. Quality declines significantly as the platform prioritizes short-term profits over long-term sustainability.

I am a user of multiple AI platforms: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and Copilot. They all seem magical when you put the effort in. They are helpful and patient. They aren’t trying to make me buy anything. They aren’t pushing an overtly biased agenda. They aren’t sending notifications asking me to come back to the app. I’m not following other users. There aren’t algorithmic feeds when I open the app. The switching costs are low. It’s just a useful tool.

But I can see where this is going. In the future these platforms will try to learn more about me. Keep those details in their “memory” and make my experience richer across interfaces (apps, speakers, voice, etc.). They will find a way to lock me in by being useful.

Soon we will be in Stage 2. I don’t know when but it will come. So right now I’m enjoying this time. I’m being more productive. I’m learning to have a childlike inquisitiveness again.

I’m grateful for Stage 1.

Great post highlighting the ups and downs of the recent Tesla Robotaxi rollout in Austin

The launch of Tesla’s robotaxi service in Austin is a major step toward full autonomy. But the Austin launch also makes it clear that Tesla hasn’t discovered an alternative path for testing and deploying driverless vehicles. Instead, Tesla is following the same basic deployment strategy Waymo pioneered five to seven years ago.

What I learned watching 78 videos from Tesla’s Austin robotaxis

Apply AI: Scaling Private Fortunes

Dwarkesh Patel recently shared his thoughts in a video about the design and operation of a company run entirely by AI employees.

In the video, he explores the idea of a single dominant company emerging, scaling rapidly, and outcompeting others by using superior algorithms to process ideas and manage workloads.

This raises some interesting questions. If the goal was to create a society of “haves” and “have-nots,” one way to achieve this would be to keep such a company private for an extended period. Imagine a future “Amazon” that eliminates white-collar jobs, dominates its market, but whose growth remains inaccessible to the general public. What if all the wealth generated is held exclusively by private investors?

Could we see regulations requiring AI-driven companies to become publicly traded, or to otherwise share the benefits of their wealth creation more broadly?

This sounds like an excellent way to generate diverse ideas to address problems. Trust is paramount.

When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the information received, but neither the identity nor the affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other participant, may be revealed.

Chatham House Rule | Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank

Working with Copilot feels like I’m working with Ralph Wiggum with a dash of Lisa Simpson thrown in.

Google has integrated its Gemini AI model directly into formulas in Sheets.

There’s now an =AI() formula that lets you enter a prompt and apply it to a specific cell—very cool. Here’s a video showing how it works: YouTube - # Master 85% of Google Gemini in 12 Minutes (2025) by Jeff Su

Apply AI: LLMs Reward the Curious

Chat based LLMs like ChatGPT and Google Gemini reward the curious, much more than traditional search engines.

Let’s say you are looking to purchase an air purifier for your home. Google Search is not built for people to be extremely curious. Typically Google Search is a one shot tool. You may type “What’s the best air purifier for a single family home of less than 2500 square feet.” But what comes next is a research project. Clicking on the links, reading the click bait ad pages, trying to navigate and remember the different pros and cons and manually comparing and making notes.

LLMs are different. LLMs reward curiosity.

Today I researched a home air purifier using ChatGPT 4o. The experience was very different than a typical Google Search. Here are the questions I asked:

  • I’m trying to find the best air purifier for my home.  Something that is free standing that can be plugged into the wall.  What should I take into consideration when I look at options?
  • I’ve got a 4 bedroom that is a total of 2200 sq feet.  It’s a semi-open floor plan where the kitchen, living room, dining room, and entry are fairly open and connected. The 4 bedrooms average about 15x15 feet.   What are good options for me.
  • How much space needs to be given around these air purifiers? Can they be tucked behind a couch or in a corner?
  • Can you get too much air purifier for a space, and would that have any negative consequences?
  • Can you perform a deep comparison between the Coway and Alen, including a 5-year total cost of ownership?
  • Are there any mistakes that people make when purchasing these filters?
  • What other common mistakes or regrets do customers typically make that can be easily avoided?
  • Why are people most unhappy with the model XXXX?

LLMs like ChatGPT is much more powerful when you think of it as an advisor and not just an answer machine.

I know there are clearly some things that I have missed and deeper ways I could analyze this problem, but I hope this provides an example of how the power of generative AI really comes from being more curious.

Apply AI: Using generative AI for creating test data samples

One powerful yet often overlooked application of generative AI is creating test data samples. Instead of manually crafting data sets, you can leverage tools like ChatGPT to generate realistic sample data quickly and efficiently.

This approach is especially useful when you’re learning frameworks like Python’s pandas and need a structured dataset to experiment with. By using a well-crafted prompt (or even not well crafted), you can produce diverse data samples tailored to your learning objectives.

For example, here’s a prompt I used with ChatGPT 4o to generate sample data:

I want to generate code for a test python DataFrame. The table has two columns Flavor and Scoops. The flavor column is persons favorite flavor. Number of scoops should stay between 1 and 3 scoops. Create 5 common flavors to be used for the test sample. Create 30 examples in the dataframe.

And this was the result.

import pandas as pd
import random

# Define common flavors and scoop range
flavors = ["Vanilla", "Chocolate", "Strawberry", "Mint Chocolate Chip", "Cookie Dough"]

# Generate sample data
data = {
    "Flavor": [random.choice(flavors) for _ in range(30)],
    "Scoops": [random.randint(1, 3) for _ in range(30)]
}

# Create DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

Great example of using ChatGPT Deep Research for understanding zoning laws by state. Deep Research: Supermajority laws around the states

Apply AI: Creating a Quiz Generator in ChatGPT

ChatGPT can be utilized to create an adaptive multiple-choice quiz for students, progressively adjusting difficulty based on their answers while providing feedback and customization options.

Apply AI: Screening Social Media for Negative Behaviors in Application Processes

A friend’s son is applying to a private high school, and as part of the application process, the school requests links to any social media accounts he owns. I’ve heard of similar requirements in sorority recruitment and other selective social organizations.

With AI, it wouldn’t be difficult to analyze social media for potentially negative traits using image recognition models. These models could be trained to detect behaviors such as smoking, drinking, or making offensive hand gestures. For example, a student holding a red Solo cup in a photo could be flagged as a potential concern.

Beyond identifying negative behaviors, AI could also assess social tendencies. It could analyze how many photos feature the applicant alone versus in a group, or how many depict them playing sports, which might indicate teamwork and social engagement. This type of analysis could influence how schools or organizations evaluate an applicant’s personality and fit.

Uncertainty & Control

A few years ago, I was part of an M&A team tasked with expanding our industrial services firm into new service areas. About ten days earlier, our company had completed the purchase of a small, privately-owned pump and compressor repair shop with a strong reputation for high-quality work and good people.

One morning, while walking through the shop floor, one of the key employees–let’s call him Bob–approached me, his gaze avoiding direct contact. “I wanted to let you know that I’ve put in my notice. I’m quitting,” he said.

Taken aback by the sudden decision, I asked Bob why he was leaving. “I know how it is with big companies,” he replied. “You want to run us off. Replace us with ‘your people.'”

I paused for a moment to gather my thoughts. Then I said, “Bob, one of the reasons we bought this company is because of people like you. It’s people who make this company. But I understand that you have to do what’s right for you and your family. Do you have a new job lined up?”

“No,” Bob answered.

“Do you have any savings to lean on or health insurance lined up?” I asked.

“Not really,” he said again.

“Well, how about this,” I began. “I want you to know we have no intention of replacing you with ‘our people.’ We want you to stay as part of the team. But I understand that you must do what’s best for you. I’ll make you a deal: stay on, and take your time to find a new position. I’ll give you time off to interview if needed. But I think you’ll find that we genuinely want you here as part of the team.”

Bob and I shook hands.

Years later, Bob never left. He remained a key part of the team.


Today, more than ever, our world is full of uncertainty. This week, Meta announced plans to lay off 5% of its “low performers.” Wildfires in Southern California have upended the lives of millions. And in less than a week, a new administration, promising to upend the status quo, will take office in the White House.

The lesson for leaders is clear: people crave certainty and control. In my experience coaching and leading others, I’ve found that when life feels uncertain, people often make choices to assert control over their environment–even if those choices have negative consequences.

As a leader, it’s easy to take your team for granted during times of uncertainty. Remember, everyone has a different tolerance for uncertainty. Take a moment today to pick up the phone and talk to your team members individually. Let them know you appreciate them, and genuinely listen to their concerns. You’ll be glad you did.